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Clown Care, also known as hospital clowning, is a program in health care facilities involving visits from specially trained clowns. They are colloquially called "clown doctors" which is a trademarked name in several countries. These visits to hospitals have been shown to help in lifting patients moods with the positive power of hope and humor. There is also an associated positive benefit to the staff and families of patients.〔Battrick, Cath; Glasper, Edward Alan; Prudhoe, Gill and Weaver, Katy. 2007. “Clown Humour: The Perceptions of Doctors, Nurses, Parents and Children.” Journal of Children's and Young People's Nursing 1(4): 174-179.〕 Professional Clown Doctors began working in hospitals in 1986 under a program called the Big Apple Circus Clown Care Unit, which was started by Michael Christensen in New York City. Clown Doctor programs now operate in every state in Australia, New Zealand,〔() Mora, Jim. July 14, 2009. "Clown Doctors." ''Radio New Zealand National'' intervew.〕 the USA, Canada, Israel and all over Europe. Clown Doctors attend specifically to the psycho-social needs of the hospitalised child but in some hospitals they also visit adults.〔Nuttman-Shwartz, Orit; Scheyer, Rachel and Tzioni, Herzl. 2010. “Medical Clowning: Even Adults Deserve a Dream.” Social Work in Health Care 49: 581–598.〕 They parody the hospital routine to help children adapt to their surroundings, they also distract from and demystify painful or frightening procedures.〔Tener, Dafna; Lev-Wiesel, Rachel; Lang-Franco, Nessia and Ofir, Shoshi. 2010. “Laughing Through This Pain: Medical Clowning During Examination of Sexually Abused Children: An Innovative Approach.” Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 19(2): 128-140.〕 The atmosphere of fun and laughter can help children forget about the illness and the stress for a moment. Clown Doctors use techniques such as magic, music, storytelling and other clowning skills to empower children with doses of fun that help them deal with the range of emotions they may experience while in hospital: fear, anxiety,〔Vagnoli, Laura; Caprilli, Simona; Robiglio, Arianna and Messeri, Andrea. 2005. “Clown Doctors as a Treatment for Preoperative Anxiety in Children: A Randomized, Prospective Study.” Pediatrics 116(4): 563-567.〕〔Golan, G; Tighe, P; Dobija, N; Perel, N. and Keidan, I. 2009. “Clowns for the Prevention of Preoperative Anxiety in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” Pediatric Anesthesia 19: 262–266.〕 loneliness, boredom. The healing power of humor and laughter combats stress, reduces pain by releasing endorphins (the body's natural painkiller), boosts the immune system by increasing the level of T cells & lowering serum cortisol levels, helps promote a positive outlook, helps people to cope with difficult situations and helps to create bonds and therefore support between people, all of which aids the healing process. Research on the physiological health benefits on laughter has been conducted for decades and continues to happen internationally by medical physicians. There is also a growing group of researchers that are exploring the psychological benefits of laughter, and specifically the work of Clown-Doctors. Drama professor Bernie Warren is one of the world's leading researchers on the benefits of Clown-Doctor practices internationally. ==See also== *Patch Adams *Theodora Children's Charity *Documentary Film "I Clown You" http://www.iclownyoudoc.com 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Clown Care」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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